For the first time, I learned about the suitability of ferns for food in Altai, where the whole flower of Soviet science gathered every autumn. Engineers from various research institutes, candidates and even doctors of science. All of them were heading in unison towards the small village of Shulginka not in order to clash at a conference in scientific battles, but in order to earn money from harvesting sea buckthorn.
For one kilogram of harvested and handed over berries, they paid 1 ruble. One person, depending on their skills, could prepare from 40 to 100 kg of sea buckthorn per day. For vacation, one could earn an amount exceeding the six-month income of the average Soviet scientist.
There I also learned that in addition to sea buckthorn and pine nuts in Altai, you can also earn extra money in the spring by collecting the Orlyak fern, which Japan and China buy from us in huge quantities.
It turns out that bracken fern is not just edible, after salting it has an exquisite taste, reminiscent of mushrooms and asparagus at the same time.
In addition, the use of fern has a beneficial effect on growth processes, promotes the development of the skeleton, improves metabolism, the activity of the nervous system, increases efficiency, improves the state of the endocrine system, and promotes the removal of radionuclides and other hazardous substances from the body.
Bracken fern proteins are similar in properties and composition to those of grain crops, and therefore are easily digested.
It is not without reason that in our markets one kilogram of salted fern now costs 1000 rubles.
Bracken fern in the Leningrad region
A reasonable question immediately arises: does the Orlyak fern grow in the North-West region, in particular, in the Leningrad region?
I hasten to please the readers of the site, the bracken fern is one of the three most common ferns in our area, and it is not a problem to find it in the forest.
But first, a little theory.
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Bracken fern |
Only young sprouts of bracken fern with a height of no more than 20 -35 cm are suitable for food. When its leaves have not yet blossomed, but form a squiggle characteristic of ferns.
This crucial moment in the Leningrad Region usually occurs in mid-May and lasts until early June. A little earlier, a little later, depending on the weather.
It is at this time that you need to harvest the fern. An additional sign of the fern's food condition is the characteristic crunch when the stem is broken.
The fern is never cut with a knife, but is always broken by hand near the ground. The edible plant always breaks easily with a characteristic click. If the stem does not break, but bends and bounces, this means that the fern has already outgrown. There is no point in collecting such plants. They will be coarsely fibrous.
The collection process is as follows. You walk through the forest, where fern thickets were noticed in the summer, find its sprouts, pluck them, cracking the stem with your hand near the ground, and form a bunch of such a size that is comfortable to hold in your hand. After that, tighten the bundle with an elastic band and put it in a bucket or basket.
How to distinguish bracken from other fern species
Here we come to the most important question of the article, how to distinguish Bracken from other fern species, among which there are inedible ones.
As I already said, most often in the Leningrad region you can find three types of ferns - bracken, ostrich and shitnikov. Moreover, the latter, among other things, is also poisonous.
However, I hasten to please you, the Orlyak fern has a very characteristic sprout, which is difficult to confuse with other types of ferns.
1. Sprouts of bracken fern stick out from the ground one by one at a distance of 10 cm or more from each other, and ostrich and dwarf fern fan out from one point.
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Bracken fern |
Fern fern |
2. The sprouts of the bracken fern are smooth and clean, while the ostrich and dwarf fern are covered with dark scales and small leaves.
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Bracken fern |
Fern fern |
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Fern ostrich |
That is, it turns out that the bracken in the forest is quite easy to recognize. But it is much more difficult to distinguish an edible ostrich from a poisonous thyroid bug in the spring. Their shoots are similar in many ways. But such a task, fortunately, is not before us.
An additional landmark that helps to determine the type of fern can be the old, overwintered leaves of the plant, which are usually found around young stems. On them, you can see the geometry of the leaves, which is specific to each species. In the bracken fern, the leaves are more rounded, and in the fern and ostrich, they are more indented, and more decorative.
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Bracken fern leaf |
Fern leaf |
By the way, it is easiest to find places where ferns grow in the spring forest using these withered leaves.
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Old bracken fern leaves |
It is even better to notice the places where bracken ferns accumulate from the summer. When you go for mushrooms and berries. Adult bracken plants look like this:
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Adult bracken fern |
How to cook a fern
It must be said right away that in its raw form, any fern - including the bracken - is inedible. To be eaten, it must be prepared in a certain way.
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Bracken fern |
Returning home from the forest, you should immediately start processing the fern. The fact is that the plucked shoots wither and grow stiff very quickly. This process begins from the bottom, from the place of the break.
Therefore, it makes sense to cut off 10-15 mm of the bottom of the stem. Then the bundles of fern are placed in a pan or barrel in layers, sprinkling each layer with a large amount of salt. It is believed that salt should be at least 25% by weight of the fern. But, as they say, you can't spoil porridge with butter.
A flat cover is placed on top of the last layer, and a load is placed on it, the mass of which should be equal to (or be greater) than the weight of the fern.
The fern container is placed in a cool place for three weeks. This ends the first stage of salting.
After three weeks, the brine is drained from the container, after which the load is removed to swap the lower layers of the fern with the upper ones. When changing layers, the fern is again sprinkled with salt, but in a smaller amount. And again they put the fern under oppression for another three weeks.
At the third stage of salting, brine is prepared: for 10 liters of water - 1 kg of salt. The fern is poured with brine and left for another three weeks.
That is, the whole process of salting lasts 9 weeks. After that, the fern can be stored indefinitely without losing its taste.
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Bracken fern |
Before cooking, the salted bracken fern is soaked, getting rid of excess salt.
I do not give recipes for dishes in which bracken fern is used. They are easy to find on many cooking sites.
Here is just a short list of them: stewed fern with tomatoes, fern in dough, fern with eggs, fern in sour cream with new potatoes, fern stew, fern cutlets, pizza with fern.
In conclusion, good news. On the Karelian Isthmus, the first sprouts of bracken fern appeared on May 18 this year. It's time to start harvesting it.