Oh, Luda, if not for those years ...
My little one, while she was in school, starting from the 6th grade, she participated in scientific conferences on history among schoolchildren. This is her work, with which she performed three years ago. It's so ... just a little ... A story on her behalf.
The executed general ...
The words from Talkov's song are not letting go, you just have to touch the red leaves of letters, diaries, drawings of my great-great-great-grandfathers. To those leaves that my great-grandmother Tikhonova Elena Sergeevna kept. She kept it despite the fear of being included in the "lists of the disenfranchised." Yes, she was already on these lists, because of this, in 1929 she was expelled from the institute. She kept it, despite the Civil War, Stalinist repressions, fascist occupation. She was able to preserve these family heirlooms, convey to her descendants the memory of the heroic past of her great-grandfathers.
Our family had many famous people in the Kuban: Cossack officers Biryukovs, Keleberdinsky, Alkin, Grechishkin, princes Bagration, poet Nikolai Dorizo, artist Yevgeny Pospolitaki, priests, merchants, officials ... But now I want to tell not about the Heroes of the Kuban and their exploits, a lot is already known about them.
An old family album contains photographs of my great-great-grandmother - Anna Grigorievna Tikhonova-Keleberdinskaya. It is about her, about her difficult fate that I want to tell.
In Yekaterinodar, in the family of the senior land surveyor of the Kuban regional drawing room Biryukov Grigory Ivanovich, a girl was born, who was named Galochka. At baptism in the Troops Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, another name was recorded - Anna. But for her family, she remained a tick.
"Anna. Born on May 4, 1885. Baptism on May 12, 1885.
Parents: Collegiate Secretary Grigory Ivanovich Biryukov and his legal wife Elena Nazarovna, both Orthodox.
Recipients: Provincial Secretary Dmitry Iosifovich Biryukov, and the daughter of the Court Counselor, girl Nadezhda Nazarovna Ostapenko.
The checkmark grew in an atmosphere of love and care. She studied at the Catherine City Women's Gymnasium, studied well, was a diligent student.
The checkmark painted beautifully. An old, shabby album contains some of her works from 1904-1905. True, some drawings were ruined by my grandmother in childhood. She tried to trace them, probably she also wanted to draw like that.
The drawing teacher of the 1st Yekaterinodar Women's Gymnasium of the Pospolitaki Yevgeny Ivanovich, a famous Kuban artist-teacher, popularizer of fine arts, taught how to draw Checkmark. Evgeny Ivanovich was born in the city of Temryuk in 1852. Our family photo album contains a photograph of the artist's mother, Natalia Yakovlevna Pospolitaka.
Checkmark was very fond of animals. In Gelendzhik, Galochka's parents had a dacha, and the children spent the summer at sea. Until 1975, two old women lived there, they were two sisters who also spent their childhood in the country, and when they were completely old, they returned to Gelendzhik. The city reminded them of those carefree days when they were children. In those years, they were friends with our great-great-grandmother, recalling their childhood, they said that Galochka often came to visit them with a basket, in which there were always several kittens.
The Biryukovs' dacha was located across the street from the current city beach, not far from the Chaika cinema (former Kurzal, and now a water park). This sandy beach has been reclaimed today, and at the beginning of the 20th century, the coastline ran much closer to the house. From the shore directly into the sea came the baths (wooden platforms with a small locker room at the end, from this booth there was a descent into the sea). Pitsunda pine saplings were planted in front of the house and a well was dug. One family story from the life of Galochka is connected with this well. In 1903, for her 18th birthday, my mother gave her a gold ring. But only one summer this ring flaunted on Calochka's finger. It slipped from her hand when she took out a watermelon cooling in a well. Since then, four generations of girls in our family, having heard this story, gaze with hope into the dark water of the preserved well. What if a cherished ring flashes at the bottom?
In 1936, the dacha was taken away and handed over to some general, and during the Great Patriotic War a bomb hit the house. Nowadays, on the site of the dacha there are ticket offices for the advance sale of railway tickets, which are surrounded by huge pines planted once by the great-great-grandmother, a well has also been preserved, and until recently only steps and part of the foundation remained from the house.
Many families of Yekaterinodar would like to intermarry with the Biryukov family. But the father opted for a more worthy one. In 1908, Grigory Ivanovich married Galochka to an officer of the 1st Ekaterinodar regiment - Keleberdinsky Vladimir Ivanovich, the son of the Head of the 1st administrative department of the Kuban regional board of the actual state councilor Ivan Samoilovich Keleberdinsky, his old friend. So Galochka became Anna Grigorievna Keleberdinskaya.
It is known that marriage among the Cossacks from time immemorial consisted of a ceremony taking place on the Maidan, where the circle gathered, with the approval of the foreman.
In accordance with this ancient tradition, Vladimir Ivanovich carried his bride into the officers 'meeting in his arms, where, surrounded by the officers' friends, he asked: "Does he love her?" and, having received an affirmative answer, bowed to the groom. To which the officers, congratulating the young, shouted repeatedly: "Love!" and Good Hour.
“January 14, 1908.
Groom: The cornet of the 1st Yekaterinodar Koshevoy Ataman Chepegi regiment Vladimir Ivanovich Keleberdinsky Orthodox, single, 24 years old.
Bride: Daughter of the Court Counselor Anna Grigorievna Biryukova, Orthodox, maiden, 22 years old.
Guarantors: According to the groom: Sotnik of the 1st Kuban Cossack Battery Nikolai Alekseevich Kravchenko and Voiskovoy Sergeant Major Pyotr Afanasievich Kucherov. By the bride: Engineer Technologist Ivan Ivanovich Shpunar and Khorunzhiy of the 1st Yekaterinodar Regiment Vsevolod Veniaminovich Zhuravlev.
On February 1, 1909, Anna and Vladimir had a daughter, Elena or Lyolya, my great-grandmother.
"Elena. Born on February 1, 1909. Baptism March 8, 1909.
Parents: The cornet of the 1st Ekaterinodar equestrian Ataman Chepegi regiment, Vladimir Ivanovich Keleberdinsky and his legal wife Anna Grigorievna, both Orthodox.
Receivers: Sotnik of the 1st Black Sea Regiment Boris Grigorievich Biryukov and Esaul's wife of the 1st Yekaterinodar Regiment Anna Nikolaevna Glivenko.
According to the recollections of the great-grandmother, Christmas of 1913, the last pre-war year, left an unforgettable mark in her memory.
Christmas holidays, these wonderful holidays of childhood. How many joyful, quivering childhood experiences are in them! December 1913 passed quickly in preparations for Christmastide, in anticipation of an abundant table, Christmas tree, guests, entertainment and, of course, Christmas gifts. On the morning of December 25, 1913, it is a pleasure to go outside. During the night, even more snow fell, the sun sparkled in the cloudless sky. A wonderful, mesmerizing sight. Peace, silence, frozen fairy tale.
Sotnik Keleberdinsky Vladimir Ivanovich with his family occupied a comfortable five-room house on Novokuznechnaya Street, 4. The house was well heated, and the chandeliers burned brightly. By evening, guests were arriving - they were mostly officers with their wives and children. Little Lyolya has never seen all these familiar people and relatives from childhood, gathered together on the same day.
The door to the dining room opened. The festive table amazed the imagination with a variety of dishes and snacks. In the corner of the living room there was a Christmas tree, smartly tidied up with beautiful glass toys, lanterns, a serpentine line, tied up with sweets and lighted candles. We had a lot of fun at dinner. The children played in the living room around the tree, tore off hanging candies. And then a disaster struck, one of the children, taking out a highly suspended candy, knocked down the Christmas tree, and it instantly burst into flames.
Little Lyolya huddled in a corner, clutching a Christmas present - a new doll. Adults flashed before her eyes, taking the children to safe places at home, others extinguished the Christmas tree and flashed curtains on the windows.
The fire was quickly extinguished, but the holiday mood was ruined. The older guests said that this incident was not good - a bad omen for a fire at Christmas. The next day the tree is different, at Uncle Boris's, then at another's. And so all the holidays. Visits, guests ... Down the street Krasnaya walk, sleigh rides. Noise, shouts, laughter. The riders overturn, tumble out on their side, laugh, squeal with pleasure ...
Who would have thought then that in the next 1914 the fire of war would flare up throughout Russia, Lyolya would lose her father, and trouble would come to the families of the guests and relatives present. The guests could not then imagine what would happen after Christmas 1913, the last year of peace. And it was not the lights of a burning Christmas tree that were reflected then in the ancient crystal - July of the fourteenth year was already ablaze in the calendar.
The alarming events in the Balkans were reported in the July newspapers with the headlines: "Near the War", "In the Face of War", "On the War". Finally thunder struck. On July 16, the king signed a decree on the mobilization of troops. On July 18, its text was published in the local press, and the next day, July 19, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia ...
The Cossacks from the moment of their inception and until 1917 did not miss a single war. It honorably fulfilled its duty during the First World War. Already on July 19, 1914, the Kuban was escorting the first mobilized to the front - these were mainly the Cossacks of the 2nd Poltava and 2nd Kuban regiments.After 11 days, the Cossacks of the second and third order, as well as the lower ranks of the reserve, are called up to the army. At this time, a large number of telegrams from elderly Cossacks with a request to call them into service were received in the name of the order chieftain. The first to go to the front is admonished by the chieftain himself.
Neither the soldiers nor those who accompanied them then knew that the onset of the war would not only take away many human lives - it, together with revolutions, would crush and change the era itself, destroy the general secular course of the country's life, and Yekaterinodar, this flourishing southern the city, will be in the epicenter of a fiery hurricane. From August 1914, a short account of the last "pre-revolutionary" years began ...
In July 1914, even before the Tsar's decree, a list of gentlemen officers appointed to the "special horse hundreds" in case of mobilization was drawn up. (Special hundreds - formed during the First World War from the Cossacks of older ages to serve the army headquarters, flying mail, convoys, etc.). According to this list, Keleberdinsky Vladimir Ivanovich, in case of mobilization, was to be drafted into the 31st special equestrian unit of the Batalpashinsky department. But life has made its own adjustments. By the highest order on August 30, 1914, the centurion Keleberdinsky Vladimir Ivanovich was called up to the 2nd Poltava regiment, which was the first to be sent to the front. It is known that on September 15, 1914, the 2nd Poltava regiment was in the active army in Lvov.
In the report of the commander of the 2nd Poltava regiment No. 1686 dated October 23, 1914, it is said that the centurion Keleberdinsky Vladimir Ivanovich is listed as killed.
Leafing through the files of the Kuban Cossack Gazette for 1914, I found an article about the death of my great-great-grandfather.
OUR HEROES (death of centurion V.I.Keleberdinsky)
On October 16, the centurion V.I.Keleberdinsky and the Cossack of the village of Primorsko-Akhtarskaya Trofim Petrenko were buried. In the evening of October 15, their coffins were brought to Stanislavov and placed in the hospital chapel. The Cossacks of the hundred whom he commanded arrived for the coffin. From midnight the sky was covered with clouds, and until the morning it rained, which stopped only in the afternoon, but the sky was still gray and inhospitable. And so, as soon as the black hearse began to move from the chapel, a crowd of simple and intelligent people followed the red coffins. This custom of the Zaporozhye Cossacks was also transferred to the Kuban. Local people, native to us both by language and by customs, found out who was being taken to bury and, despite the slush, shared our grief for the dead. Here is the cemetery. Large, old, dotted with frequent crosses. There was little space only under the stone wall, where the grave had already been dug. They took off two Cossack coffins and put them on the ground. After a while, the black, wet pit accepted our knights. Women and girls cry and, with tears, throw the last clod of earth on coffins that are alien to them, but in essence they are also dear to them, as well as their own. For somewhere their sons, brothers, and maybe already buried, are also fighting. Common grief. They buried and put up two cast-iron crosses with the crucifixion of Christ. One of the women put fresh flowers on the coffin for Pan-centurion. Returned late. Stay goodbye dear knights. Let the foreign land be easy for you.
The circumstances under which Vladimir Ivanovich was killed were as follows:
On October 14, our squadron stood guard in the pit. It was from 7 am to 8 am. It was quiet, and everyone thought that the enemy had retreated further.
Suddenly Petrenko, impatient, climbed out of the ravine and onto the mountain and after a while returned and reported to Vladimir Ivanovich that there were Austrians beyond the hill.
- You saw them?
- No, although I haven’t seen it, but I’m sure there is: I heard some kind of conversation.
- Go find out!
Petrenko went out onto the hillock again and instantly turned back. A shot was heard and ... he fell.
In a small line in the bushes and trees, ours lay. Shooting began and continued for about an hour. The Austrians, in order to see ours, had to climb a mountain, and any of their daredevils fell from our bullets.Already they are lying on the mountain like sheaves, and the Cossacks with frequent fire do not give them the opportunity to look into the yar. Then the enemy decided to bypass us. This intention of the enemy was noticed by Vladimir Ivanovich and shouted: "Guys, up the mountain!" These were his last words. Under the mountain, in a clean place, he was wounded. The Cossack of the village of Novomyshastovskaya S. Okhrimenko, who fled next to the centurion, noticed that Vladimir Ivanovich was gradually leaning towards the ground. At first it seemed that he sat down, but when his head fell to the ground, S. Okhrimenko rushed to his centurion and together with Chub took a still warm body under the arms. They thought he was hurt. A few yards later another bullet wounded S. Okhrimenko in the leg. Then they laid down the body, took its weapons, map, diary, and went to their own. Our troops approached. Bypassing our troops forced the enemy to retreat and abandon the three villages in which he settled.
The body of Vladimir Ivanovich and Petrenko was found the next day in the village chapel in the cemetery and took it with them to bury it.
On November 24, 1914, Nicholas II was passing through Yekaterinodar on his way to the Caucasian front. The imperial train arrived in Yekaterinodar at 1 o'clock ... At the station, Nicholas II was greeted by the order ataman of the Kuban Cossack army MP Babych, the head of the 1st administrative department of the Kuban regional government Keleberdinsky Ivan Samoilovich, deputations from the estates. Having accepted bread and salt and thanking for the expressed feelings of love and devotion, the Sovereign Emperor departed in an open carriage, with the bell ringing of all churches, to the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ... All the way the Sovereign's people greeted him enthusiastically. The Emperor was greeted at the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral with a word from Bishop John of Yeisk. After listening to a short prayer, His Majesty, with shouts of "hurray," proceeded to visit the wounded in the city and military hospitals. In hospitals, the Sovereign Emperor bypassed the wounded soldiers, kindly inquired about their state of health and the circumstances of their injury, and awarded some of them with medals. In addition, the Tsar's visit was awarded to the Red Cross community, the Mariinsky Women's Institute and the Sheremetev Shelter (the Military Shelter for Girls). Here Nicholas II had a long conversation with the director of the orphanage, Ivan Samoilovich Keleberdinsky. According to family legends, during this conversation, the Emperor expressed condolences over the death of his son Vladimir and handed over to his father the Order of Vladimir with swords for keeping in the family of the deceased hero (Saint Vladimir was his heavenly patron), which Vladimir Ivanovich was awarded posthumously.
Nicholas II met with my great-great-great-grandfather not only as the director of the orphanage, the fact is that the day before arrival, that is, on November 23, 1914, Nicholas II appointed Ivan Samoilovich an indispensable member of the Kuban Regional Presence on military service ... It was about the issues of mobilization that Nicholas II spoke with him.
Keleberdinsky Ivan Samoilovich was engaged in mobilization practically from the first days of the war until March 1920, when Yekaterinodar was occupied by the Reds. He was engaged in the mobilization of the Cossacks under the interim government, and then into the volunteer army. New people came to power, and Keleberdinsky Ivan Samoilovich, who enjoys great respect and trust among the stanitsa bosses and elders, continued to engage in mobilization. Here is an excerpt from his formulary list:
“By the highest order of November 23, 1914, No. 50, he was appointed an indispensable member of the Kuban Regional Presence for conscription.
By order of the Kuban Region dated December 30, 1914 No. 973, in view of the appointment as an indispensable member of the Kuban Regional Presence on military service, he was relieved of his duties as an Adviser to the Regional Board since January 1915. "
In the Metric book on the birth, marriage and death of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral for 1915 there is a record that the centurion of the 2nd Poltava regiment of the Kuban Cossack army Vladimir Ivanovich Keleberdinsky, who was killed in the war with Austria on October 14, 1914, was buried on February 1, 1915 in the general cemetery of the city of Yekaterinodar.
Keleberdinsky Vladimir Ivanovich was brought to Yekaterinodar in a zinc coffin. On February 1, 1915, despite the morning frost, Yekaterinodar residents gathered in the city center. Students of the Aleksandrovsky real school and city gymnasiums stood along Krasnaya Street. The funeral procession stretched from the house of Keleberdinsky Ivan Samoilovich along Krasnaya Street to the Troops Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. In front were the officers, followed by the singers, the clergy. The coffin was carried by officers of the Poltava and Yekaterinodar regiments. Near the cathedral there is a guard of honor from one hundred of the II Poltava regiment, commanded by Vladimir Ivanovich. The choir sang in the cathedral. A zinc coffin with the body of Vladimir Ivanovich Keleberdinsky, surrounded by numerous wreaths from the Kuban Cossack army, the Nakazny ataman, residents of Yekaterinodar, was installed in the middle of the temple. At the coffin there was a guard of honor, on it lay a saber and a dagger of the deceased, next to it was placed the Order of St. Vladimir, which Vladimir Ivanovich was awarded posthumously. In the temple came to say goodbye to the hero-Kuban chieftain Babich, accompanied by advisers of the regional government and took a place with the family of the deceased. After this, the funeral liturgy began immediately. The funeral service ended with the proclamation of "Eternal Memory". After the removal of the coffin from the cathedral, the funeral procession moved to the All-Holy Cemetery.
Vladimir Ivanovich Keleberdinsky, undoubtedly, was a wonderful cavalry officer, a proud and wayward man - a Cossack. But at the same time, he was also a big rake, he was repeatedly the instigator of duels, including for the right to single-handedly look after one of the most beautiful girls of Yekaterinodar - my great-great-grandmother.
In the filing of "Kuban Cossack Herald" for 1914, in which I found an article about the death of Vladimir Keleberdinsky, a poem by a Cossack officer was printed. When I read it, it always seems to me that it is about our great-great-grandfather, about our centurion of Keleberdin ...
In the field hospital
The night will break sore threads
It is unlikely that they will last until the morning.
I ask about one thing, write,
Write three lines sister.
Here is the address of my poor wife.
Write her a few words,
That I am wounded in the arm harmlessly,
I will recover and be healthy.
Write that boy to Vova
I kiss as soon as I can
And an Austrian helmet from Lviv
I am a gift to him ashore.
And write to your father separately,
How glorified our gallant regiment,
And that I was mortally wounded in the chest,
Fulfilling my military duty.
Sergey Kopytin
September 21, 1914
On April 16, 1915, Anna Grigorievna Keleberdinskaya had a son, Igorek, whom her deceased father never saw.
“Igor (in honor of the Grand Duke, June 8). Born April 16, 1915. Baptism June 10, 1915.
Parents: Sotnik of the 2nd Poltava Regiment Vladimir Ivanovich Keleberdinsky and his legal wife Anna Grigorievna, both Orthodox.
Receivers: Podesaul Boris Grigorievich Biryukov and hereditary nobleman Andrei Sergeevich Kitovsky, daughter of the Court Counselor Elena Grigorievna Biryukova and hereditary noblewoman Nina Sergeevna Lysak. "
Great-grandmother Anna was left alone with two small children. After the revolution, she met a young officer. His name was Sergei Pavlovich Tikhonov.
Sergei Pavlovich was born in 1893 near Moscow in the town of Orekhovo-Zuevo. He graduated from the school of warrant officers in Moscow. During the First World War he fought on the Caucasian front. With parts of the Russian army, withdrawn from the Caucasian front in 1917, he ended up in Yekaterinodar.One of the front-line friends (warrant officer of the 1st reserve plastun hundred of the Kuban Cossack army Vladimir Vasilyevich Biryukov) introduced Sergei to his cousin, the young widow of Keleberdinskaya Anna.
By the end of February 1918, Soviet power had been established throughout the Kuban and the Black Sea region, and only Yekaterinodar remained in the hands of the regional government. Don fell, Bolshevik forces were approaching Yekaterinodar. When the Red Guard detachments approached the city directly and the roar of shells was heard, the government decided to leave Yekaterinodar for the armed detachments and go to the mountains so as not to endanger the city population and avoid artillery shelling of the city.
On March 14, the Red Guard detachments under the command of I. L. Sorokin entered Yekaterinodar.
In mid-March, Kornilov's Volunteer Army invaded the Kuban region. The White's plan of operation was as follows: to defeat the Red Guard detachments south of Yekaterinodar, seize the village of Elizavetinskaya with a sudden blow, cross the Kuban and attack the city. Thus, Yekaterinodar was in danger. The order to evacuate the city had already been given when news came that Kornilov had been killed and the Volunteers were leaving.
Embittered by the cruel losses, the Bolsheviks took out their anger on the bourgeois part of the population of Yekaterinodar, dragging out into the street and killing everyone who caught their eye. This bacchanalia continued for almost three days. So Yekaterinodar witnessed a ruthless, inhuman lynching! "Madness followed us," wrote Anton Ivanovich Denikin in Essays on Russian Troubles.
The brother of Anna Grigorievna Esaul Biryukov Boris Grigorievich, the chief officer for assignments under the head of the Kuban region and the order ataman of the Kuban Cossack army, was able to take Anna and her children from Yekaterinodar to the village of Krymskaya. They returned to Yekaterinodar only in August 1918, when the city was occupied by Denikin's troops.
After returning to Yekaterinodar, Anna and Sergei Tikhonov decided to get married.
Life in the city was no longer the same. Shops and entertainment establishments were closed, a curfew was imposed. The young family left for Orekhovo-Zuevo to visit Sergei's parents. Checkmark Biryukova became Anna Grigorievna Tikhonova-Keleberdinskaya. Children of Anna Sergei Pavlovich adopted.
Sergei Pavlovich dreamed of entering a military academy. But the Civil War canceled all plans for the future. In the town of Orekhovo-Zuevo, a military mobilization was announced to fight the White Cossacks in southern Russia.
On July 17, 1919, Sergei Pavlovich Tikhonov was mobilized and sent to the southern front as part of the 14th Infantry Division. In the Red Army, he held positions:
- Pomnashtabriga (assistant chief of staff of the brigade);
- nashtabriga (brigade chief of staff);
- brigade commander (brigade commander);
- Art. pomnashtadiv (senior assistant to the chief of staff of the division) of the 14th Rifle;
- Acting Chief of Staff of the 14th Infantry Division from October 6, 1919;
- the head of the division (chief of staff of the division) of the 5th cavalry;
- pomnashtakor (assistant chief of staff of the corps) of the 2nd cavalry;
- Pomnashtadiv (Assistant Chief of Staff of the Division) of the 22nd Infantry Division for Operations.
After his mobilization into the Red Army, Anna Grigorievna had no choice but to go with the children to Yekaterinodar. Great-grandmother recalled that when she and her mother were walking along one of the streets of Moscow, an artist approached them, expressing his admiration for the beauty of Anna Grigorievna and asking permission to paint her portrait. Anna Grigorievna, referring to the imminent departure, left her photograph to the artist. Subsequently, the painted portrait was sent to the city of Yekaterinodar, but has not survived to this day.
For the fact that the new son-in-law was in the service in the Red Army, Grigory Biryukov abandoned his daughter.
On March 17, 1920, Yekaterinodar was occupied by the Reds.At a joint meeting of the regional and Yekaterinodar party committees of the RCP (b), it was decided:
“A) Propose to Kubchek to organize and conduct in the next few days general searches in the districts inhabited by the mass of the bourgeoisie;
b) if unregistered former White Guard officers are found, ruthlessly destroy them;
c) to widely inform the population about the reprisals against all counter-revolutionary elements. "
It was on such days of 1920 in the house of Anna Grigorievna Tikhonova-Keleberdinskaya that her two brothers took refuge. They hoped that they would not be looked for in the house of the red commander. But they were wrong. The neighbors, wishing to prove their loyalty to the new government, reported that white officers from the retreating army of General Denikin were hiding in the house. Leading two White Guards out into the courtyard, the soldiers of the Red Army hacked them to death with sabers in front of the unfortunate young woman. Tikhonov Sergei Pavlovich at that time was in the hospital with a serious wound.
Raising funds for the dictatorship of the proletariat, searches were carried out in Krasnodar, liberated from the White Guards. On November 21-22, 1920, the city held the “Day of the confiscation of things from the bourgeoisie” or the “Day of the oppression of the bourgeoisie”. This action was part of a campaign to "economically disarm the bourgeoisie." Following the directive of the center, on November 2, 1920, the plenum of the Kuban-Black Sea Regional Committee of the RCP (b) adopted a resolution: “... after registering the urban bourgeoisie, it is urgent: 1) to begin the expropriation of the property of the bourgeoisie through organized appropriation; 2) to impose an extraordinary financial tax on the bourgeoisie; 3) to begin the expropriation of the dwellings of the bourgeoisie and the settling of workers and orphanages in them; 4) to begin a radical purge of Soviet institutions of bourgeois elements. " Local organizations were asked not only to follow the instructions of the center, but also to "show their own initiative." Everyone was subject to requisition - not only large traders and industrialists, but also small shopkeepers, handicraftsmen and other citizens who, for some reason, fit into the category of "bourgeoisie". At the same time, even forks, pans, and aluminum pots were confiscated.
One evening they came to the house of our great-great-grandmother. Tikhonov at that time was in Novorossiysk, leaving his wife with a mandate that she is the wife of the red commander. But education and self-esteem did not allow Anna Grigorievna to use the paper. There was a large dining table in the hall, everything that was valuable in the house was put on it. Beautiful porcelain, silverware, gold things ... Anna Grigorievna went into another room, and the great-grandmother (who was 11 years old at the time) pulled a golden spoon from the table and brought it to her mother. Anna Grigorievna looked sternly at her daughter and said: "Take it immediately and put it on the table."
The next day Sergei Pavlovich returned from a business trip. After learning what had happened in the house, he went to the warehouse, where they brought confiscated property from all over the city. But the things belonging to the Tikhonovs were not there.
After this incident, Anna Grigorievna moved to live in a dacha in Gelendzhik, and the children Lena and Igorek stayed with their grandfather Grigory Ivanovich Biryukov. Sergei Pavlovich with the 22nd Krasnodar Division was in Novorossiysk.
Children often came to see Tikhonov in Novorossiysk. Sergei Pavlovich accompanied them along the seashore on foot past Kabardinka to Gelendzhik to his mother. The road could not be used, since gangs of "greens" were in charge there.
Great-grandmother told (according to the memoirs of Sergei Pavlovich Tikhonov) about that last battle for Yekaterinodar, in which her stepfather was seriously wounded, and the commander of the 22nd division, Zakharov, was killed. It happened on March 17, 1920, units of the Red Army, consisting of 22 divisions, drove the formations of the White Cossacks of the Volunteer Army outside Yekaterinodar. The battles were heavy, with varying success. The Volunteer Army, retreating towards Novorossiysk, put up especially serious resistance in the area of the city park, because.it was necessary, as long as possible, to delay the advance of the Red Army, until the crossing of the Kuban River by troops and carts with the families of the Cossacks was completed. At the headquarters of the 22nd division, a decision was made: despite the large losses in manpower, to break, by all means, the resistance of the retreating and not allow the remaining White Cossacks to cross the Kuban. On which all the reserves of the 22nd division were thrown. In the vanguard of the hastily assembled fresh forces, the division headquarters, led by commander Zakharov, acted. The desperate resistance of the whites did not allow an immediate breakthrough to the crossing, and 300-400 soldiers of the red cavalry with the command of the division were surrounded. Sergei Pavlovich Tikhonov said that for some time he and Zakharov cut down the enemy who was pressing from all sides, but then Zakharov with several dozen fighters began to be pushed back to the hydropathic establishment. He also said that they wanted to get through to the surrounded commander, but could not do it. He immediately received his fatal wound in the kidney area and lost consciousness. He woke up in a military hospital, where he was told that his commander had died.
When he was discharged from the hospital, he first of all took his adopted daughter Elena (our grandmother) by the hand and led her to the place of death of the division commander Zakharov to lay flowers. Now there is a memorial wall at this place. On the way, he told her the story of the division commander's death and his injury.
Having liberated Yekaterinodar, which was renamed Krasnodar, the 22nd Krasnodar Rifle Division advanced towards Novorossiysk. After the hospital, Sergei Pavlovich Tikhonov joined his division in Novorossiysk.
Tikhonov Sergey Pavlovich participated in the liquidation of the Dagestan rebellion, for which he was awarded a gold watch.
In the fall of 1922, Sergei Pavlovich was admitted to the hospital with an inflammation of the kidneys, the injury he received during the liberation of Krasnodar affected. On November 4, 1922, the medical commission of the Krasnodar military hospital recognized Sergei Pavlovich Tikhonov "unfit for military service with exclusion from the register." Sergei Pavlovich submits a report to the chief of staff of the 22nd Krasnodar division with a request to keep him in the service. The request was granted. But in February 1923, Tikhonov again went to the hospital, where on February 27 he died of kidney inflammation.
Civil war - a people divided into "white" and "red", rivers of blood generated by hatred and death. There were no “whites” and “reds” in this war, but there is one warring people, destroying themselves in mortal combat to please those who divided and delimited it.
On July 6, 1923, a daughter, Svetlana, was born to Anna Grigorievna Tikhonova-Keleberdinskaya, who, like her brother Igor, was never seen by her father who died of wounds.
Too much has fallen to the lot of women. Anna Grigorievna began to get sick, and she had heart attacks more and more often. She died of one such attack in 1926 at the age of 41. It happened at a dacha in the city of Gelendzhik, where she was buried in the old city cemetery on Nagornaya Street. They say that this cemetery will soon be demolished ...
We have a portrait of Anna Grigorievna Keleberdinskaya, painted by the artist A. Krylov in 1914, in our house.
Recently I found the following words in Viktor Ivanovich Likhonosov's novel “Our Little Paris”: “... But in my homeland, where not a single old Cossack surname is found among children and grandchildren, I would be even sadder. You won't say: “Are you the son of Keleberdinsky? Kanatov's grandson? Daughter, granddaughter, great-granddaughter of Ponochevny? " How tragic! ... "
“... Houses, small houses, outbuildings, mansions with vases on the pediment, with porches, with patterned monograms over the windows, courtyards, arched gates of cab drivers, cast-iron steps of the Gusnik factory in an instant returned the city of childhood to his soul. The houses themselves called themselves by the names of the former owners: Kaleri, Vishnevetsky, Kamiansky, Varenik, Kanatov, Kravchina, Malyshevsky, Kiyashko, Borzik, Rashpil, ... Zhdan-Pushkin, Keleberdinsky, Likhatsky, Gadenko ... Once upon a time ...
- In my opinion, not a single such surname now exists in the city, - said Fat Man. "And there are no distant relatives."
Yes, such a surname does not exist, but there are relatives, and not distant ones, but direct ones. So not all of the Keleberdinsky family was destroyed during the civil war. After all, old families do not die with a change in the surname of their descendants, but they die in the souls and hearts of ungrateful great-grandchildren. No wonder, according to Orthodox laws, it is prescribed to know and remember your relatives up to the seventh generation. In the old days, family traditions were sacred. All the Keleberdinsky and Biryukovs knew their kinship, their origin and all the deeds of their fathers and grandfathers with precision. Our great-grandmothers considered it a sin if their grandchildren and great-grandchildren forgot about their ancestors. So at one time, and great-grandmother talked about her ancestors, tried to make her stories as deeply imprinted as possible in the memory. Yes, I don’t know much about the life and affairs of my relatives - the troubled time that fell on my great-grandmother’s childhood and adolescence is to blame: at the age of 5 she was left without a father, when she was 17, her mother died, and her great-grandmother had to replace her with her younger brother and little sister. And in August 1941, near Leningrad, her husband Mikhail Andreevich Kovalev disappeared without a trace, and she was left alone with her little daughter in her arms. The little that she retained in the memory of her parents, the great-grandmother tried to pass on to her grandchildren, but not everything could then be told, and they were given too little time. Grandma died in 1973 ...
Our family album contains old photographs depicting my ancestors. Looking at these photographs, I think that I also have a particle of them.
As they say, find the differences ...
1915 year. Elena 6 years old (great-grandmother)
